ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: English is the lingua franca of science; it is the language of the two last world superpowers and the language of four out of the world's ten greatest producers of science; it is a fairly simple language and the most hybridized language in history, with Latin and French contributing 60% of the entire English lexicon. The object of this study is to determine whether the frequency of use of imported words is a function of literary genre. METHOD: Texts were randomly selected from (a) medical scientific original articles, (b) newspaper financial reports, (c) sport reportages, (d) literary texts and (e) colloquial English; for comparison a collection of similarly distributed texts were selected from Portuguese; the frequency of occurrence of Latin or Neo-Latin words was determined in the English texts as well as the occurrence of non-Latin or non-Neo-Latin words in the Portuguese texts; a oneway analysis of variance was used to determine whether significant differences occurred between genres in the two languages. RESULTS: The frequency of occurrence of Latin/French words in English text was significantly dependent on the literary genre, being maximal in medical scientific texts and minimal in colloquial English; in contrast, the frequency of occurrence of non-Latin words in Portuguese was constant throughout the same literary genres. CONCLUSION: The use of Latin/French words in English is directly proportional to the complexity of the literary genre, a phenomenon not observed in Portuguese, a typical Neo-Latin language.
CONTEXTO: O inglês é a língua franca da ciência; é a língua das duas mais recentes superpotências mundiais e a língua de quatro dos dez maiores produtores de ciência do mundo; é uma língua bastante simples e o idioma mais hibridizado da história, com o latim e o francês contribuindo com aproximadamente 60% do léxico inglês. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar se a frequência de uso de palavras importadas é uma função do gênero literário. MÉTODO: os textos foram selecionados aleatoriamente de (a) artigos científicos médicos, (b) relatórios financeiros dos jornais, (c) reportagens desportivas, (d) textos literários, (e) inglês coloquial; Para comparação, uma coleção de textos distribuídos de forma semelhante foi selecionada a partir do português; a frequência de ocorrência de palavras latinas ou neolatinas foi determinada nos textos em inglês e na ocorrência de palavras não latinas ou não neolatinas nos textos portugueses; uma análise de variância unidirecional foi utilizada para determinar se diferenças significativas ocorreram entre gêneros nas duas línguas. RESULTADOS: A frequência de ocorrência de palavras latinas / francesas em textos ingleses foi significativamente dependente do gênero literário, sendo máxima em textos científicos médicos e mínima em inglês coloquial; em contraste, a frequência de ocorrência de palavras não latinas em português foi constante ao longo dos mesmos gêneros literários. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de palavras de origem latina ou francesa em inglês é diretamente proporcional à complexidade do gênero literário, fenômeno não observado em português, uma língua neolatina típica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Communications Media/statistics & numerical data , Language , Incidence , Analysis of Variance , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
Abstract Experimental models of human pathology are useful guides to new approaches towards improving clinical and surgical treatments. A systematic search through PubMed using the syntax (shock) AND (trauma) AND (animal model) AND (cardiovascular) AND ("2010/01/01"[PDat]: "2015/12/31"[PDat]) found 88 articles, which were reduced by manual inspection to 43 entries. These were divided into themes and each theme is subsequently narrated and discussed conjointly. Taken together, these articles indicate that valuable information has been developed over the past 5 years concerning endothelial stability, mesenteric lymph, vascular reactivity, traumatic injuries, burn and sepsis. A surviving interest in hypertonic saline resuscitation still exists.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cardiovascular System/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Shock, Hemorrhagic/complications , Wounds and Injuries/complications , Brain Injuries/complications , Brain Injuries/physiopathology , Brain Injuries/therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Resuscitation/methods , Saline Solution, Hypertonic , Sepsis/complications , Sepsis/physiopathology , Sepsis/therapy , Shock, Hemorrhagic/physiopathology , Shock, Hemorrhagic/therapy , Wounds and Injuries/physiopathology , Wounds and Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Experimental studies on sepsis have demonstrated that ethyl pyruvate is endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate on leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the mesenteric microcirculation in a live Escherichia coli-induced sepsis model in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were administered an intravenous suspension of E. coli bacteria or were subjected to a sham procedure. Three hours after bacterial infusion, the rats were randomized into the following groups: a control group without treatment, a group treated with lactated Ringer’s solution (4 mL/kg, i.v.), and a group treated with lactated Ringer’s solution (4 mL/kg, i.v.) plus ethyl pyruvate (50 mg/kg). At 24 h after bacterial infusion, leukocyte-endothelial interactions were investigated using intravital microscopy, and the expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. White blood cell and platelet counts were also determined at baseline and 3 h and 24 h after E. coli inoculation. RESULTS: The non-treated and lactated Ringer’s solution-treated groups exhibited increases in the numbers of rolling leukocytes (∼2.5-fold increase), adherent cells (∼3.0-fold), and migrated cells (∼3.5-fold) compared with the sham group. In contrast, treatment with Ringer’s ethyl pyruvate solution reduced the numbers of rolling, adherent and migrated leukocytes to the levels observed in the sham group. Additionally, the expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was significantly increased on mesenteric microvessels in the non-treated group compared with the sham group (p<0.001). The expression of both adhesion molecules was reduced in the other groups, with ethyl pyruvate being more effective than lactated Ringer’s solution. Infusion of bacteria caused significant leukopenia (3 h), followed ...
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Cell Communication/drug effects , Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Leukocytes/drug effects , Mesenteric Veins/drug effects , Pyruvates/pharmacology , Sepsis/drug therapy , Cell Communication/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Escherichia coli Infections , Endothelial Cells/cytology , Leukocytes/cytology , Microcirculation , Mesenteric Veins/cytology , Rats, WistarSubject(s)
Humans , Animals , Exercise , Scientific and Technical Publications , Abstracting and IndexingSubject(s)
Humans , Orthopedics , Osteoarthritis , Scientific and Technical Publications , Abstracting and IndexingSubject(s)
Animals , Humans , Biomedical Research , Periodicals as Topic , Pulmonary Medicine/standardsABSTRACT
This review surveys articles appertaining to the general field of pediatrics that have been published in Brazilian scientific periodicals over recent years. its main purpose was to bring to the attention of the readership of the são paulo medical journal original contributions from specialty and non-specialty journals. we hope that this can be seen as a general scientific update for the readers. We have covered articles appearing in Brazilian isi-indexed journals, following a PubMed search.
Esta revisão cobre artigos pertencentes ao campo geral de pediatria publicados em revistas científicas brasileiras nos últimos anos. seu principal objetivo é chamar a atenção dos leitores de são paulo medical journal para contribuições originais de revistas especializadas e não especializadas. oferecemos esta coletânea como uma atualização científica em geral para os leitores. Foram cobertos artigos publicados em revistas brasileiras indexadas no isi, após uma busca PubMed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Bibliometrics , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Pediatrics/statistics & numerical data , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Databases, BibliographicABSTRACT
Entre 2009 e 2010, a Clinics publicou um número relativamente grande de estudos originais, que tratam do sistema cardiovascular e pulmonar. Vinte desses estudos têm atraído um número significativo de citações dentro deste intervalo de tempo relativamente curto. Esta revisão aborda esses aspectos de pesquisas recentes com interesse direto para os cardiologistas. Os artigos foram agrupados em três categorias: Cardiologia, Pneumologia e Assuntos Multidisciplinares.
Over the period 2009 - 2010, Clinics has published a relatively large number of original studies dealing with the cardiovascular and pulmonary system. Twenty of these have attracted significant numbers of citations within this relatively short time span. This short review covers these aspects of recent research with direct interest to cardiologists. Articles were grouped under three headings: Cardiology, Pneumology and Multidisciplinary.
Entre 2009 y 2010, CLINICS ha publicado un número relativamente grande de estudios originales, que tratan del sistema cardiovascular y pulmonar. Veinte de esos estudios han atraído un número significativo de citaciones dentro de este intervalo de tiempo relativamente corto. Esta pequeña revisión aborda esos aspectos de investigaciones recientes con interés directo para los cardiólogos. Los artículos fueron agrupados en tres categorías: Cardiología, Neumonología y Asuntos Multidisciplinarios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bibliometrics , Biomedical Research , Cardiology , Pulmonary MedicineABSTRACT
O autor faz um debate em cima da idéia de que o QUALIS 2010 é passível de aperfeiçoamento, através do conceito dos três erres (Remover periódicos de revisão, Reconhecer outras métricas de avaliação, Reavaliar periódicos brasileiros) (Rocha e Silva, 2010) para com outros indicadores científicos, como o Journal Citation Report